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Atmospheric dispersion of tephra for a threshold of 2 mg m−3 for all FL for the eruption scenarios of Hekla ERS 1947-type (a, b, c), Katla LLERS (d, e, f) and Askja OES 1875-type (g, h, i)

Hekla, Katla, Askja, Iceland, 2014

Figure 13 in: Biass, S., Scaini, C., Bonadonna, C., Folch, A., Smith, K., & Höskuldsson, A. (2014). A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes–Part 1: Hazard assessment. Natural hazards and earth system sciences, 14(8), 2265-2287. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2265-2014



This hazard map is the result of scientific research and was published in academic literature. It is presented here to serve as an example of the map type or the map-making methodology. It is NOT the official, operational map. For the current operational hazard map, please consult the proper institutional authorities.


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Map Set

Biass, S., Scaini, C., Bonadonna, C., Folch, A., Smith, K., & Höskuldsson, A. (2014). A multi-scale risk assessment for tephra fallout and airborne concentration from multiple Icelandic volcanoes–Part 1: Hazard assessment. Natural hazards and earth system sciences, 14(8), 2265-2287. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2265-2014
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2265-2014

Other Maps In Set:

Map Data

Map ID3768
Hazard Process(es)Tephra fall
Hazard Zone PresentationSingle hazard: A single hazard process is represented on a series of small map panels of similar sizes
Temporal ScaleBackground, or long-term, map
Spatial ScaleRegional
Publication FormatFigure in a journal article
Zonation Method(s)Probabilistic modeling
Zonation Model(s)FALL3D (Costa et al. 2006; Folch et al. 2009); TephraProb (Biass et al. 2016)
Scenario(s) ConsideredDuration or timing; Season or weather; Size, VEI, or intensity; Source location or direction; Specific past eruption
Hazard Zone Label(s)Numeric probability
Probability Definition(s)Numeric probability
PurposeScientific interest: Intended for scientific research and general scientific interest; usually published in academic journals
AudienceScientists (usually in scientific publication)
Language(s)English
Basemap(s)Administrative boundaries (e.g. county, park, intl.)
Basemap overlay(s)
DiemsionalityPlanimetric (2D or map) view
Color SchemeRainbow
Go to Global Volcanism Program page for Hekla, Katla, Askja →